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sweating from stims

I take ADHD medication and also drink caffeine. I find that I do sweat a fair bit from my armpits. While it's not an issue for me, i just want to know is this detrimental that stimulants cause this? or is it just the body thermoregulating?

Visual muscle size differences in plant-based athletes

Hi Sigma team. I'm a coach of a combat sport. Subsequently, I am very aware of my students' weights. Anecdotally, I have noticed a trend in my plant-based students that, when compared to students eating non plant-based diets, there appears an obvious visual difference in muscle sizes (smaller/not as pronounced in plant-based) in individuals of the same weight and approximate height/dimensions. This difference only seems visual, there does not appear to be differences in strength, power, speed etc. Has this been tested/documented/researched anywhere? While I acknowledge these observations might simply be a confirmation bias of mine, if true what might explain this phenomenon? Thanks, Steve.

How much Protein is Optimal and Safe for Whole Body Use

I enjoyed AMA #1 with Dr Phillips and I know he's going to cringe but I am still confused on what is considered optimal & safe to consume daily. If I have this right, 20-30 grams per meal is a target for Muscle Protein Syntheses. That suggests that much of the consumed protein could be used for muscle growth, but if that was what you were consuming and the other trillions of cells need 75% of that protein, that only leaves 5-7.5 grams from muscle syntheses. The other part of my question is how much is considered safe to consume on a daily basis. I've seen numbers ranging from about 2 grams/Kilo to almost 4 grams/Kilo. My impression is that the high limits are based on the assumption that it stresses the kidneys. I don't recall reading anything where that has actually been seen in other than people who already had compromised kidney function. Sorry my question was so long. If you use it, please paraphrase liberally.

Astaxanthin

Is astaxanthin a good substitute for algae oil for someone who follows a vegan diet?

Advice for getting involved in chrononutrition research

Hi Sigma Team, I was wondering if you had any recommendations for anyone wanting to get involved in chrononutrition research. As this is an evolving area, there aren't always 'direct' education paths (e.g. Masters Programs) available everywhere. As people who have conducted research and are more familiar with this area of research, do any of you have qualification or specific program recommendations you'd suggest people strive for in order to help get their foot in the door for opportunities in this area. Much thanks, Mel